The precise details of the whorls, ridges, and loops are affected by many factors, including umbilical cord length, position in the womb, blood pressure, nutrition and the rate of finger growth. Those small differences can become more pronounced after birth as a result of differences in weight and height, for example. But fingerprints are not unique to humans. Look closely at the lines on your fingertips. Friction ridges grow in different designs, like arches or whorls.
Genes are like instructions written inside the body. They give directions things like eye color, nose shape, and more. Genes also tell the skin how and when to grow. The dermis the inside skin layer and epidermis the outside skin layer grow together. Friction ridges appear where these layers meet, guided by genes. Other possibilities are that fingerprints improve your sense of touch or help protect your fingers from injury. Police have been using fingerprints and their unique loop, whorl and arch shapes to help catch criminals for more than 2, years, starting in ancient China.
You can use that unique code to unlock your phone or enter a restricted area, for example. In Malawi, fingerprints have been used to identify farmers who have taken out loans.
Police forces are still finding new uses for fingerprints, too. As fingerprint detection and study methods have improved, detectives can even use them to see who threw a particular stone. Those little ridges can hide tiny amounts of substances too — which means they could be used to detect the use of illegal drugs like cocaine and heroin. And now forensic scientists can detect decades-old fingerprints, too — maybe allowing detectives to solve really old crimes — with a new technique that uses a color-changing chemical to map the sweat glands within your fingerprints.
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