Learn more about these energy storage projects. The examples below illustrate various energy storage concepts and may not necessarily meet the definition of energy storage used in IESO procurements and various regulatory instruments.
Battery energy storage systems are able to convert chemical energy into electrical energy. The electrolytes allow ions to move between the electrodes, allowing currents to flow from the battery to provide energy. During charging, the reverse reactions happen and the battery is recharged by applying an external voltage to the electrodes.
Capable of changing their output in less than one second, some types of batteries are now being used by grid operators to quickly balance variations in load to regulate frequency. Battery systems are also often found at the distribution system level and at individual customer sites.
Other forms of battery technology are at various stages of technological development and show promising future potential. A flywheel stores kinetic energy in a rotating mass. When electricity demand is low, the flywheel uses power to drive a motor that spins the flywheel at high speeds, allowing excess energy to be stored. When energy is needed, the spinning force drives a device similar to a turbine to produce electricity, slowing the rate of rotation.
A flywheel is recharged by using the motor to increase its rotational speed once again. Like batteries, flywheels can both store and quickly release energy as needed. Compressed air uses off-peak energy to pump air into a containment area such an underground cavern or over ground tanks, where it is held until needed.
It is then released through an expansion turbine. In some cases, this may be done in conjunction with natural gas fuel, which increases the efficiency of the generator to provide more efficient energy during peak hours.
Conversely, vacuum air storage systems are the mirror image of compressed air arrangements, where off-peak energy is used to create a vacuum, which is later re-pressurized, creating an airflow used for power generation when needed. Using smart electric vehicle charging stations, customers would supply the grid or use the electricity to meet their own energy needs. Not all stored energy necessarily comes directly back to the power grid as electricity. Increasingly, solar thermal systems are being used around the world to supplement or replace the electrical energy drawn from the grid for such uses.
Ice storage systems do just the opposite where off-peak energy is used to make large blocks of ice to help cool buildings during peak hours. Other more sophisticated, high-temperature thermal storage systems can also be used to generate steam for electricity production to supply back to the grid. Electricity can be used as an input in the production of other types of fuels such as hydrogen and biofuels.
These fuels act as an energy storage medium and can be used to generate electricity. Magnetic fields are capable of storing electrical energy, and when coupled with superconductors, the storage potential can be significant. Some pilot projects involving superconducting magnetic energy storage are currently under development at various laboratories and utility equipment providers around the world.
However, the future success of these new forms of energy storage devices is highly dependent on the cost of the superconductors themselves. Magnetic energy storage is suitable for short-term storage. Pumped storage is essentially hydroelectric power that takes advantage of lower-priced periods to pump water into a reservoir, and then releases the water when needed. Figure 5: Natural Gas Infrastructure Map. Figure 6: End-Use Demand by Sector Description: This pie chart shows end-use energy demand in Ontario by sector.
Total end-use energy demand was 3 PJ in Figure 7: End-Use Demand by Fuel Description: This figure shows end-use demand by fuel type in Ontario in Note: "Other" includes coal, coke, and coke oven gas. At the end of June , the 4, MW of installed wind capacity represents the largest source of our non-hydro renewable generation.
Approximately 1, MW of additional wind capacity is under contract and under development. Ontario consumed approximately 2, petajoules PJ of fuels in These types of fuels include gasoline, diesel, natural gas, propane and natural gas liquids. Alternative fuels include renewable and low-carbon fuels like biomass and biofuels.
Ontarians use fuels for cooking, heating, transportation, electricity generation and industrial production. Fossil fuels also provide the energy needed to refine petroleum and manufacture pulp and paper, steel and cement. They are the raw materials in the production of plastics, fertilizers and chemicals.
There is every expectation that the use of biofuels will continue to expand within Ontario.
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